Japan has launched a deep-sea mission near Minamitori Island to probe rare-earth-rich seabed mud, aiming to reduce dependence on China for critical minerals. The month-long endeavor, involving the research vessel Chikyu, is the first attempt to continuously lift sludge from 6 km depth. This initiative gains urgency as China tightens export controls on certain minerals, prompting Japan and its allies to diversify supply chains. The mission's success could significantly impact global rare earth procurement.