Karnataka's new law against hate speech and hate crimes is being tested as a means to address coarsened public discourse and amplified outrage, particularly on social media. While the impulse to legislate against incendiary speech is understandable given its link to real-world tension, concerns exist that vague definitions could lead to subjective interpretation and misuse, potentially undermining constitutional freedoms. The law's effectiveness hinges on balancing the need to confront social menace with the protection of free expression.