A new analysis of India's National Family Health Survey data reveals significant disparities in C-section rates between public and private hospitals. Murshidabad and Nadia districts in West Bengal, and Telangana, show the highest C-section rates in private facilities, exceeding 90%. Nationally, C-section rates increased in private hospitals while declining slightly in public ones between 2016 and 2021. The World Health Organization recommends C-sections only when medically necessary, cautioning against rates above 10% for population-level mortality benefits.