A 2025 analysis by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) reveals Delhi had the highest annual average PM10 concentration in India, nearly three times the national standard, and was the second most polluted for PM2.5. The National Capital Region (NCR) also saw widespread PM2.5 breaches. Despite significant funds released for the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), Delhi's utilization rate was low. The report concludes NCAP targets are unlikely to be met, urging a focus on PM2.5 and regional approaches.