Gulf Conflict Highlights Need for Reforms in India's Energy and Fertiliser Sectors

The ongoing Gulf conflict involving Iran, Israel, and the US has heightened risks to India's energy and fertiliser supplies, particularly through the Strait of Hormuz, a key maritime chokepoint. India relies heavily on imports for crude oil (88%) and liquefied petroleum gas (about two-thirds), exposing it to price volatility and supply disruptions. Experts and former officials emphasize the need for strategic reforms in the fertiliser sector and energy security, including diversifying import sources and enhancing domestic production to safeguard food and national security.