Indian Railways has implemented a nationwide train fare hike, effective today, marking the second increase in less than six months. The railway ministry stated the fare rationalization is necessary to cover increased operational costs, including a significant rise in manpower and pension expenses, which now total Rs 1,15,000 crore and Rs 60,000 crore respectively. These adjustments aim to support the expansion of network and operations, contributing to improved safety and India's position as the second-largest cargo-carrying railway globally.