India is witnessing a rise in duopolies across various sectors, including aviation, telecom, and food delivery, where two major players dominate the market. This concentration, while better than a monopoly, can lead to reduced competition, impacting consumer welfare through price hikes and unmet demand, as seen in a recent airline industry incident. Experts suggest this trend indicates a structural shift towards more concentrated markets, necessitating a policy response informed by in-depth studies of duopoly dynamics and their effects on innovation and consumer welfare.