India's National Drug Use Survey, to be conducted through 2026, will survey 20 lakh individuals to assess substance use patterns. For the first time, it will document indigenous substance use, including traditional alcoholic beverages, opium, and cannabis, exploring whether socially sanctioned use differs in harm from contemporary patterns. The survey follows the 2017-18 round, which found alcohol to be the most common substance, followed by cannabis and opioids. The new survey will also analyze use among specific populations like students and prison inmates.