Supreme Court Begins Nine-Judge Bench Hearing on 'Industry' Definition in Labour Law

The Supreme Court of India has begun hearings before a nine-judge Constitution Bench to revisit the 1978 definition of 'industry' under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. This definition determines which organizations fall under labour laws and which workers can access dispute resolution mechanisms. The bench is examining whether the broad interpretation from the Bangalore Water Supply case remains valid, including if government departments and social welfare activities qualify as 'industry.' The ruling could significantly impact labour rights and dispute jurisdiction in India.