France and Germany Establish Joint Group to Enhance Nuclear Deterrence Cooperation

France and Germany have agreed to enhance cooperation on nuclear deterrence by establishing a joint steering group to coordinate strategic doctrine and exercises. This initiative aims to strengthen Europe's ability to manage escalation below the nuclear threshold through measures like early warning and air defence. While emphasizing that their efforts will complement NATO's nuclear deterrence, both countries reaffirmed reliance on U.S. deterrence and the independent nuclear forces of France and Britain.