India's foreign policy in 2025 was marked by unexpected international challenges, notably Donald Trump's second term as U.S. President, whose "Liberation Day" tariffs destabilized the global economic system. Trump's policies also strained alliances and altered U.S. approaches to Russia and China. The rise of conservative and xenophobic trends globally, coupled with slowing global growth and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, presented significant economic consequences for India, including sanctions impacting its energy sector.