Dr. Anil Kakodkar, a leading nuclear scientist, raised concerns about the viability of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), noting that while suitable for localized grids, a larger number of units could increase accident risk unless safety is significantly enhanced. He also discussed India's potential to advance its thorium-based nuclear program by using existing Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) for thorium conversion, potentially accelerating energy independence from imported fuels.