The Communist Party of India (CPI) traces its foundation to December 26, 1925, when communist groups convened in Cawnpore (Kanpur) for the first organized effort to form an all-India party. This article explores the historical events and global influences, including the French Revolution and Marxist ideology, that preceded and shaped the emergence of the communist movement in India. It examines the ideological roots stemming from European political and economic shifts and the impact of the 1917 Russian Revolution.