A Lancet series highlights global concerns over ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and their link to chronic diseases. While India debates front-of-pack labeling (FoPL) to curb consumption, evidence suggests labels alone are insufficient. As incomes rise and lifestyles change, convenience and availability drive food choices, leading UPFs to become staples even in countries with high nutrition awareness. The key policy challenge is preventing UPFs from dominating diets, especially for children, rather than solely relying on labeling.