Despite anti-pollution measures and a decrease in farm fires, Delhi-NCR's air quality repeatedly entered 'Very Poor' and 'Severe' categories this winter. Public outcry intensified, with protests and court petitions urging action. While a new source apportionment study is needed, pollution stems from traffic, industry, waste burning, household fuels, and construction dust. The challenge remains shifting from winter-specific emergency responses to year-round, measurable reductions across all sectors, as progress under the National Clean Air Programme has been slower than targeted.