India Becomes Top Rice Producer Amid Challenges of Crop Diversification and Farmer Sustainability

India has surpassed China to become the world's largest rice producer, with output reaching around 150 million tonnes in 2024-25. This growth reflects steady increases in paddy cultivation area and yield, supported by policies like assured procurement and subsidies. However, the dominance of wheat and paddy, especially in states like Punjab, raises concerns about ecological sustainability, water use, and limited crop diversification. Small farmers face economic challenges amid these structural issues, with calls for diversification and improved support to ensure long-term agricultural viability.