
A survey by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) India found that 96.5% of vehicle owners in Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad would switch to less polluting vehicles, such as electric or BS-6 models, if high-polluting vehicles were banned. Only 4% preferred paying a daily pollution charge instead. The study supports implementing Low Emission Zones (LEZs), which restrict or charge polluting vehicles to improve air quality, a strategy used in cities like London and Seoul.
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