Train Wi-Fi operates by using routers and antennas on the train's roof to connect to nearby 4G/5G mobile towers. This signal is then distributed to passengers via internal Wi-Fi routers. The system manages seamless transitions between towers as the train moves, ensuring continuous connectivity even at speeds up to 130 kmph. While generally stable, brief disconnections can occur in areas with weak network coverage or tunnels. Indian Railways offers free Wi-Fi at over 6,000 stations through its RailWire program.